View 2008 Dodge Ram 2500 specifications including performance & efficiency
features, handling, ride & braking, exterior & aerodynamics standard features, and interior standard
features. Learn every detail about this model with 2008 Dodge Ram 2500 specs.
Windshield wipers with automatic intermittent wipe
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 2-Dr Reg Cab V8 Interior Features
12v power outlet: front and 1
Air conditioning
Fixed mast antenna
Front ashtray
Audio system with AM/FM and CD player
Cargo area dimensions: length (inches): 98.3, front width (inches): 66.4, width between arches (inches): 51.0, height (inches): 20.2 and loading floor height (inches): 36.3
Cargo area light
Rear tailgate cargo doors
Front seats cigar lighter
Clock
Full dashboard console with open storage box, partial floor console
Delayed/fade courtesy lights
Cruise control
Front seats cup holders fixed
Door ajar warning
Door pockets/bins for driver seat and passenger seat
Floor covering: plastic/rubber in passenger compartment
Driver front airbag with multi-stage deployment, passenger front airbag with occupant switch off and multi-stage deployment
40/20/40 split driver, passenger and center seat
Height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on driver seat with pre-tensioners, height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on passenger seat with pre-tensioners, 3-point reel front seat belts on center seat
Front seat center armrest
Two height adjustable head restraints on front seats
Headlight control with time delay switch-off
Internal dimensions: front headroom (inches): 40.9, front hip room (inches): 64.9, front leg room (inches): 41.0 and front shoulder room (inches): 67.1
Low tire pressure indicator
Power steering
Rear view mirror
Front seat back storage
Vinyl seat upholstery with additional vinyl
Seating: three seats
Four speaker(s)
Plastic steering wheel with tilt adjustment
Tachometer
Ventilation system
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long L6 Specs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long L6 Performance Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long L6 Handling & Breaking Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long L6 Exterior Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long L6 Interior Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long V8 Specs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long V8 Performance Features
5,654 cc 5.7 liters V 8 front engine with 99.5 mm bore, 90.9 mm stroke, 9.6 compression ratio, overhead valve and two valves per cylinder EZA
Unleaded fuel 89
Multi-point injection fuel system
35.0 gallon main unleaded fuel tank 29.1
Power: 257 kW , 345 HP SAE @ 5,400 rpm; 375 ft lb , 508 Nm @ 4,200 rpm
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long V8 Handling & Breaking Features
Four-wheel ABS
3.730:1 axle ratio
Four disc brakes including four ventilated discs
Immobilizer
Fullsize under body spare wheel
Beam front suspension rigid with stabilizer bar and coil springs, beam rear suspension rigid with leaf springs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long V8 Exterior Features
Black front and rear bumpers
Driver and passenger externally adjustable black door mirrors
External dimensions: overall length (inches): 249.7, overall width (inches): 79.5, overall height (inches): 78.5, ground clearance (inches): 7.1, wheelbase (inches): 160.5, front track (inches): 69.5, rear track (inches): 68.2 and curb to curb turning circle (feet): 52.0
Windshield wipers with automatic intermittent wipe
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long V8 Interior Features
12v power outlet: front and 1
Air conditioning
Fixed mast antenna
Front ashtray
Audio system with AM/FM and CD player
Cargo area dimensions: length (inches): 98.3, front width (inches): 66.4, width between arches (inches): 51.0, height (inches): 20.2 and loading floor height (inches): 36.2
Cargo area light
Rear tailgate cargo doors
Front seats cigar lighter
Clock
Full dashboard console with open storage box, partial floor console
Delayed/fade courtesy lights
Cruise control
Front seats and rear seats cup holders fixed
Door ajar warning
Door pockets/bins for driver seat and passenger seat
Floor covering: plastic/rubber in passenger compartment
Driver front airbag with multi-stage deployment, passenger front airbag with occupant sensors and multi-stage deployment
40/20/40 split driver, passenger and center seat
Height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on driver seat with pre-tensioners, height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on passenger seat with pre-tensioners, lap static front seat belts on center seat
Front seat center armrest
Two height adjustable head restraints on front seats and rear seats
Headlight control with time delay switch-off
Internal dimensions: front headroom (inches): 40.8, rear headroom (inches): 40.0, front hip room (inches): 64.4, rear hip room (inches): 64.6, front leg room (inches): 41.0, rear leg room (inches): 44.2, front shoulder room (inches): 67.0 and rear shoulder room (inches): 66.7
Low tire pressure indicator
Power steering
3-point reel rear seat belts on driver side, passenger side and center side
Three one-piece bench front facing rear seats with zero adjustments
Rear view mirror
Front seat back storage
Vinyl seat upholstery with additional vinyl
Seating: six seats
Four speaker(s)
Plastic steering wheel with tilt adjustment
Tachometer
Ventilation system
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short L6 Specs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short L6 Performance Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short L6 Handling & Breaking Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short L6 Exterior Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short L6 Interior Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short V8 Specs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short V8 Performance Features
5,654 cc 5.7 liters V 8 front engine with 99.5 mm bore, 90.9 mm stroke, 9.6 compression ratio, overhead valve and two valves per cylinder EZA
Unleaded fuel 89
Multi-point injection fuel system
34.0 gallon main unleaded fuel tank 28.3
Power: 257 kW , 345 HP SAE @ 5,400 rpm; 375 ft lb , 508 Nm @ 4,200 rpm
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short V8 Handling & Breaking Features
Four-wheel ABS
3.730:1 axle ratio
Four disc brakes including four ventilated discs
Immobilizer
Fullsize under body spare wheel
Beam front suspension rigid with stabilizer bar and coil springs, beam rear suspension rigid with leaf springs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short V8 Exterior Features
Black front and rear bumpers
Driver and passenger externally adjustable black door mirrors
External dimensions: overall length (inches): 227.7, overall width (inches): 79.5, overall height (inches): 78.6, ground clearance (inches): 7.1, wheelbase (inches): 140.5, front track (inches): 69.5, rear track (inches): 68.2 and curb to curb turning circle (feet): 48.9
Windshield wipers with automatic intermittent wipe
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short V8 Interior Features
12v power outlet: front and 1
Air conditioning
Fixed mast antenna
Front ashtray
Audio system with AM/FM and CD player
Cargo area dimensions: length (inches): 76.3, front width (inches): 70.2, width between arches (inches): 51.0, height (inches): 20.2 and loading floor height (inches): 36.3
Cargo area light
Rear tailgate cargo doors
Front seats cigar lighter
Clock
Full dashboard console with open storage box, partial floor console
Delayed/fade courtesy lights
Cruise control
Front seats and rear seats cup holders fixed
Door ajar warning
Door pockets/bins for driver seat and passenger seat
Floor covering: plastic/rubber in passenger compartment
Driver front airbag with multi-stage deployment, passenger front airbag with occupant sensors and multi-stage deployment
40/20/40 split driver, passenger and center seat
Height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on driver seat with pre-tensioners, height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on passenger seat with pre-tensioners, lap static front seat belts on center seat
Front seat center armrest
Two height adjustable head restraints on front seats and rear seats
Headlight control with time delay switch-off
Internal dimensions: front headroom (inches): 40.8, rear headroom (inches): 40.0, front hip room (inches): 64.4, rear hip room (inches): 64.6, front leg room (inches): 41.0, rear leg room (inches): 36.7, front shoulder room (inches): 67.0 and rear shoulder room (inches): 66.7
Low tire pressure indicator
Power steering
3-point reel rear seat belts on driver side, passenger side and center side
Three one-piece bench front facing rear seats with zero adjustments
Windshield wipers with automatic intermittent wipe
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 2-Dr Reg Cab V8 Interior Features
12v power outlet: front and 1
Air conditioning
Fixed mast antenna
Front ashtray
Audio system with satellite and CD player
Cargo area dimensions: length (inches): 98.3, front width (inches): 66.4, width between arches (inches): 51.0, height (inches): 20.2 and loading floor height (inches): 33.0
Cargo area light
Rear tailgate cargo doors
Front seats cigar lighter
Clock
Compass
Computer with average fuel consumption and range for remaining fuel
Full dashboard console with open storage box, partial floor console
Delayed/fade courtesy lights
Cruise control
Front seats cup holders fixed
Door ajar warning
Door pockets/bins for driver seat and passenger seat
External temperature
Floor covering: carpet in passenger compartment
Floor mats
Driver front airbag with multi-stage deployment, passenger front airbag with occupant switch off and multi-stage deployment
40/20/40 split driver, passenger and center seat
Height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on driver seat with pre-tensioners, height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on passenger seat with pre-tensioners, 3-point reel front seat belts on center seat
Front seat center armrest
Two height adjustable head restraints on front seats
Headlight control with time delay switch-off
Illuminated entry system
Internal dimensions: front headroom (inches): 40.9, front hip room (inches): 64.9, front leg room (inches): 41.0 and front shoulder room (inches): 67.1
Low tire pressure indicator
Remote power locks speed sensing
Power steering
Front power windows with one one-touch
Front reading lights
Rear view mirror
Front seat back storage
Upgraded cloth/velour seat upholstery with additional upgraded cloth/velour
Seating: three seats
Four speaker(s)
Plastic multi-function steering wheel with tilt adjustment
Tachometer
Passenger vanity mirror
Ventilation system
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long L6 Specs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long L6 Performance Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long L6 Handling & Breaking Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long L6 Exterior Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long L6 Interior Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long V8 Specs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long V8 Performance Features
Auxiliary transmission cooler
5,654 cc 5.7 liters V 8 front engine with 99.5 mm bore, 90.9 mm stroke, 9.6 compression ratio, overhead valve and two valves per cylinder EZA
Unleaded fuel 89
Multi-point injection fuel system
35.0 gallon main unleaded fuel tank 29.1
Power: 257 kW , 345 HP SAE @ 5,400 rpm; 375 ft lb , 508 Nm @ 4,200 rpm
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long V8 Handling & Breaking Features
Four-wheel ABS
3.730:1 axle ratio
Four disc brakes including four ventilated discs
Immobilizer
Fullsize under body spare wheel
Beam front suspension rigid with stabilizer bar and coil springs, beam rear suspension rigid with leaf springs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long V8 Exterior Features
Body side molding
Body color front bumpers, chrome rear bumpers
Chrome/bright trim on side of body and on bumpers
Driver and passenger power heated black door mirrors
External dimensions: overall length (inches): 249.7, overall width (inches): 79.5, overall height (inches): 73.8, ground clearance (inches): 7.4, wheelbase (inches): 160.5, front track (inches): 68.6, rear track (inches): 67.9 and curb to curb turning circle (feet): 50.3
Windshield wipers with automatic intermittent wipe
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Long V8 Interior Features
12v power outlet: front and 2
Air conditioning
Fixed mast antenna
Peripheral anti-theft protection
Front ashtray
Audio system with satellite and CD player
Automatic drive indicator on dashboard
Below seat storage under rear seat
Cargo area dimensions: length (inches): 98.3, front width (inches): 66.4, width between arches (inches): 51.0, height (inches): 20.2 and loading floor height (inches): 32.7
Cargo area light
Rear tailgate cargo doors
Cellular phone Bluetooth
Front seats cigar lighter
Clock
Compass
Computer with average fuel consumption and range for remaining fuel
Full dashboard console with open storage box
Delayed/fade courtesy lights
Cruise control
Front seats cup holders pop out, rear seats cup holders fixed
Door ajar warning
Door pockets/bins for driver seat and passenger seat
External temperature
Floor covering: carpet in passenger compartment
Floor mats
Driver front airbag with multi-stage deployment, passenger front airbag with occupant sensors and multi-stage deployment
40/20/40 split heated electrically adjustable driver seat with height adjustment, lumbar adjustment, three adjustments and tilt adjustment, 40/20/40 split heated electrically adjustable passenger seat with height adjustment, three adjustments and tilt adjustment, 40/20/40 split center seat
Height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on driver seat with pre-tensioners, height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on passenger seat with pre-tensioners, lap static front seat belts on center seat
Front seat center armrest
Two height adjustable head restraints on front seats and rear seats
Headlight control with time delay switch-off
Height adjustable pedals
Illuminated entry system
Internal dimensions: front headroom (inches): 40.8, rear headroom (inches): 40.0, front hip room (inches): 64.4, rear hip room (inches): 64.6, front leg room (inches): 41.0, rear leg room (inches): 36.7, front shoulder room (inches): 67.0 and rear shoulder room (inches): 66.7
Low tire pressure indicator
Remote power locks speed sensing
Power steering
Front power windows with one one-touch, rear power windows
Front reading lights
3-point reel rear seat belts on driver side, passenger side and center side
Three asymmetrical split bench front facing rear seats with zero adjustments
Automatic operation rear view mirror
Steering wheel mounted remote audio controls
Front seat back storage
Leather seat upholstery with additional vinyl
Seating: six seats
Seven speaker(s) Infinity
Leather covered multi-function steering wheel with tilt adjustment
Tachometer
Illuminated driver and passenger vanity mirror
Ventilation system
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short L6 Specs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short L6 Performance Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short L6 Handling & Breaking Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short L6 Exterior Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short L6 Interior Features
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short V8 Specs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short V8 Performance Features
Auxiliary transmission cooler
5,654 cc 5.7 liters V 8 front engine with 99.5 mm bore, 90.9 mm stroke, 9.6 compression ratio, overhead valve and two valves per cylinder EZA
Unleaded fuel 89
Multi-point injection fuel system
34.0 gallon main unleaded fuel tank 28.3
Power: 257 kW , 345 HP SAE @ 5,400 rpm; 375 ft lb , 508 Nm @ 4,200 rpm
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short V8 Handling & Breaking Features
Four-wheel ABS
3.730:1 axle ratio
Four disc brakes including four ventilated discs
Immobilizer
Fullsize under body spare wheel
Beam front suspension rigid with stabilizer bar and coil springs, beam rear suspension rigid with leaf springs
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short V8 Exterior Features
Body side molding
Body color front bumpers, chrome rear bumpers
Chrome/bright trim on side of body and on bumpers
Driver and passenger power heated black door mirrors
External dimensions: overall length (inches): 227.7, overall width (inches): 79.5, overall height (inches): 74.5, ground clearance (inches): 7.1, wheelbase (inches): 140.5, front track (inches): 68.6, rear track (inches): 68.2 and curb to curb turning circle (feet): 44.6
Windshield wipers with automatic intermittent wipe
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Base RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab Short V8 Interior Features
12v power outlet: front and 2
Air conditioning
Fixed mast antenna
Peripheral anti-theft protection
Front ashtray
Audio system with satellite and CD player
Automatic drive indicator on dashboard
Below seat storage under rear seat
Cargo area dimensions: length (inches): 76.3, front width (inches): 70.2, width between arches (inches): 51.0, height (inches): 20.2 and loading floor height (inches): 33.0
Cargo area light
Rear tailgate cargo doors
Cellular phone Bluetooth
Front seats cigar lighter
Clock
Compass
Computer with average fuel consumption and range for remaining fuel
Full dashboard console with open storage box
Delayed/fade courtesy lights
Cruise control
Front seats cup holders pop out, rear seats cup holders fixed
Door ajar warning
Door pockets/bins for driver seat and passenger seat
External temperature
Floor covering: carpet in passenger compartment
Floor mats
Driver front airbag with multi-stage deployment, passenger front airbag with occupant sensors and multi-stage deployment
40/20/40 split heated electrically adjustable driver seat with height adjustment, lumbar adjustment, three adjustments and tilt adjustment, 40/20/40 split heated electrically adjustable passenger seat with height adjustment, three adjustments and tilt adjustment, 40/20/40 split center seat
Height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on driver seat with pre-tensioners, height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on passenger seat with pre-tensioners, lap static front seat belts on center seat
Front seat center armrest
Two height adjustable head restraints on front seats and rear seats
Headlight control with time delay switch-off
Height adjustable pedals
Illuminated entry system
Internal dimensions: front headroom (inches): 40.8, rear headroom (inches): 40.0, front hip room (inches): 64.4, rear hip room (inches): 64.6, front leg room (inches): 41.0, rear leg room (inches): 36.7, front shoulder room (inches): 67.0 and rear shoulder room (inches): 66.7
Low tire pressure indicator
Remote power locks speed sensing
Power steering
Front power windows with one one-touch, rear power windows
Front reading lights
3-point reel rear seat belts on driver side, passenger side and center side
Three asymmetrical split bench front facing rear seats with zero adjustments
Automatic operation rear view mirror
Steering wheel mounted remote audio controls
Front seat back storage
Leather seat upholstery with additional vinyl
Seating: six seats
Seven speaker(s) Infinity
Leather covered multi-function steering wheel with tilt adjustment
Windshield wipers with automatic intermittent wipe
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Mega Cab 4WD 4-Dr Crew Cab V8 Interior Features
12v power outlet: front and 1
Air conditioning with rear outlet
Fixed mast antenna
Front ashtray
Audio system with satellite and CD player
Automatic drive indicator on dashboard
Cargo area dimensions: length (inches): 75.9, front width (inches): 66.4, width between arches (inches): 51.0, height (inches): 20.2 and loading floor height (inches): 36.2
Cargo area light
Cargo capacity: rear seat down (cu ft): 71.0 and all seats in place (cu ft): 7.7
Rear tailgate cargo doors
Front seats cigar lighter
Clock
Compass
Computer with average fuel consumption and range for remaining fuel
Full dashboard console with open storage box
Delayed/fade courtesy lights
Cruise control
Front seats cup holders pop out, rear seats cup holders fixed
Door ajar warning
Door pockets/bins for driver seat and passenger seat
External temperature
Floor covering: carpet in passenger compartment
Floor mats
Driver front airbag with multi-stage deployment, passenger front airbag with occupant sensors and multi-stage deployment
40/20/40 split driver, passenger and center seat
Height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on driver seat with pre-tensioners, height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on passenger seat with pre-tensioners, lap static front seat belts on center seat
Front seat center armrest
Two height adjustable head restraints on front seats, three height adjustable head restraints on rear seats
Headlight control with time delay switch-off
Illuminated entry system
Internal dimensions: front headroom (inches): 40.8, rear headroom (inches): 40.5, front hip room (inches): 64.9, rear hip room (inches): 64.4, front leg room (inches): 41.0, rear leg room (inches): 44.2, front shoulder room (inches): 67.0 and rear shoulder room (inches): 66.5
Low tire pressure indicator
Remote power locks speed sensing
Power steering
Front power windows with one one-touch, rear power windows
Front and rear reading lights
Height adjustable 3-point reel rear seat belts on driver side, height adjustable 3-point reel rear seat belts on passenger side, 3-point reel rear seat belts on center side
Rear seat center armrest
Three asymmetrical split bench front facing rear seats with zero adjustments
Rear view mirror
Front seat back storage
Upgraded cloth/velour seat upholstery with additional upgraded cloth/velour
Seating: six seats
Four speaker(s)
Plastic multi-function steering wheel with tilt adjustment
Windshield wipers with automatic intermittent wipe
2008 Dodge Ram 2500 Mega Cab RWD 4-Dr Crew Cab V8 Interior Features
12v power outlet: front and 1
Air conditioning with rear outlet
Fixed mast antenna
Front ashtray
Audio system with satellite and CD player
Automatic drive indicator on dashboard
Cargo area dimensions: length (inches): 75.9, front width (inches): 66.4, width between arches (inches): 51.0, height (inches): 20.2 and loading floor height (inches): 33.0
Cargo area light
Cargo capacity: rear seat down (cu ft): 71.0 and all seats in place (cu ft): 7.7
Rear tailgate cargo doors
Front seats cigar lighter
Clock
Compass
Computer with average fuel consumption and range for remaining fuel
Full dashboard console with open storage box
Delayed/fade courtesy lights
Cruise control
Front seats cup holders pop out, rear seats cup holders fixed
Door ajar warning
Door pockets/bins for driver seat and passenger seat
External temperature
Floor covering: carpet in passenger compartment
Floor mats
Driver front airbag with multi-stage deployment, passenger front airbag with occupant sensors and multi-stage deployment
40/20/40 split driver, passenger and center seat
Height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on driver seat with pre-tensioners, height adjustable 3-point reel front seat belts on passenger seat with pre-tensioners, lap static front seat belts on center seat
Front seat center armrest
Two height adjustable head restraints on front seats, three height adjustable head restraints on rear seats
Headlight control with time delay switch-off
Illuminated entry system
Internal dimensions: front headroom (inches): 40.8, rear headroom (inches): 40.5, front hip room (inches): 64.9, rear hip room (inches): 64.4, front leg room (inches): 41.0, rear leg room (inches): 44.2, front shoulder room (inches): 67.0 and rear shoulder room (inches): 66.5
Low tire pressure indicator
Remote power locks speed sensing
Power steering
Front power windows with one one-touch, rear power windows
Front and rear reading lights
Height adjustable 3-point reel rear seat belts on driver side, height adjustable 3-point reel rear seat belts on passenger side, 3-point reel rear seat belts on center side
Rear seat center armrest
Three asymmetrical split bench front facing rear seats with zero adjustments
Rear view mirror
Front seat back storage
Upgraded cloth/velour seat upholstery with additional upgraded cloth/velour
Seating: six seats
Four speaker(s)
Plastic multi-function steering wheel with tilt adjustment